A group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales.

This paper introduces briefly the latest advances of the study on the origin and early evolution of bony fishes.

简要介绍了硬骨鱼类起源与早期演化研究的最新进展。

A research on the brains of bony fishes

真骨鱼类脑的研究

Study of the Origin and Early Evolution of Bony Fishes

硬骨鱼类起源与早期演化研究

The phylogenetic tree indicates the relationships of 13 kinds of bony fishes in the course of evolution.

系统进化树分析显示了13种硬骨鱼在进化上关？

According to the new cause of heel bony spur happening, such as trauma, chronic strain and so on, local planter becomes tonicity, contracture, ossifying, and it makes the heel bony spur happen.

通过对跟骨刺病因的新认识，即由于外伤、慢性劳损，使足底腱膜紧张、挛缩、骨化，最终导致骨刺形成。

Clinical Analysis of 106 Cases with Heel Bony Spur Treated with Small Needle-knife

小针刀治疗跟骨刺106例临床体会

Heel bony spur is the normal disease in clinical treatment, but the result of normal therapy is not good.

足跟骨刺在临床中属常见病，常规疗法疗效不佳。

Radiological features of knee joint were bony spur or bony bridge, osteoporosis, incomplete and thickening articular surface with sclerosis and deformation, degenerative disorders.

膝关节主要为骨刺或骨桥形成，受累关节骨质疏松、关节面不平整、增厚、硬化变形及呈退行性改变。

Results No pathological change was noticed in the control group. Among the 96 cases of SpA, pathological changes were found in 76 cases, including bone marrow inflammation, pannus formation, subchondral bony plate destruction, cartilage degeneration/ erosion, synovitis, and enthesitis.

结果76例SpA的SIJ存在炎症表现，包括骨髓炎、血管翳形成和炎性细胞浸润，软骨下骨板破坏，软骨变性、破坏，滑膜炎，附着点炎等。

Conclusion Synovitis, including hyperplasia of lining cell and the infiltration of inflammatory cell in loose connective tissue, and local cartilage degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration, and destruction of subchondral bony plate are the early changes identified in sacroiliitis.

结论滑膜衬里细胞肥大增生、疏松结缔组织炎症细胞浸润等滑膜炎表现，局灶性软骨基质减少、变性、纤维化和软骨下骨板炎症细胞浸润、破坏，是早期SIJ炎的病理特点；

Sacroiliitis probably initiated with bone marrow inflammation, followed by pannus formation, subchondral bony plate destruction, and cartilage degeneration/ erosion, eventually leading to fibrosis, ossification and joint fusion.

SIJ炎可能自骨髓开始，继而血管翳形成，软骨下骨板破坏，软骨变性、破坏，最后纤维化、骨化而导致关节融合。

Outcome of4 patients demonstrates that treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with armor plate and xenogenic bony plate is a reliable treatment.

假关节切除植骨钢板结合骨板内固定治疗先天性胫骨假关节效果好，可以达到骨折的牢固固定的目的。

In the CT ⅱ and ⅲ degree sacroiliitis, marked degeneration and fibrosis of cartilage, inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation and subchondral bony plate destruction were increasingly prominent.

CTⅡ～Ⅲ级SIJ炎病理变化主要为软骨严重变性、破坏，血管翳形成，大量炎症细胞浸润，软骨下骨板破坏；

In the advanced sacroiliitis ( CT ⅳ degree), destruction and calcification of cartilage and subchondral bony plate were the major feature.

CTⅣ级SIJ炎的病理改变则以软骨下骨板破坏，大量死骨形成，钙盐沉着为主要特点。

To provide anatomical data for local blocking treatment and the needle knife therapy-through investigating features and classification of the bony structure of styloid process of radius. 2.

观测桡骨茎突部骨性结构的特点及分型，为临床局部封闭及针刀治疗提供解剖学依据。观测桡骨茎突部软组织结构的特点及变异，为临床局部封闭、针刀等治疗提供解剖学依据。

Clinical and anatomic observation on the relation between bony process and stenosing tenovaginitis

骨性突起与狭窄性腱鞘炎相关解剖学的临床研究

Marked osteosclerosis of 29.1%, osteoporosis of 38.4% in ligaments, muscular attachments and obturatoria membranae, and changes of bony trabeculae of pelvis and lumbar vertebrae of 58.1% had been observed.

同时观察到骨盆和腰椎骨密度增高29.1%，骨质疏松14%，韧带和肌腱附着处骨化38.4%，骨纹理改变58.1%。

Swelling of the anterior periantral soft tissue was found in 3 cases and massive bony erosion of hard palate in 1 case.

3例面颊部软组织肿胀；1例硬腭骨质破坏。

Objective Attending to observe the bony healing on hard palate after palatal repair, and to discuss the factors affecting on it.

目的进一步观察腭裂修复术后腭裂隙骨性愈合状况，统计并讨论影响骨性愈合的因素。

Any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming.

各种有骨壳和适于游泳的鳍状肢的水栖或陆栖爬行动物。