Which of these statements about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is correct?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, is a life-threatening condition commonly caused by years of smoking.

慢性阻塞性肺简称慢阻肺, 是一种危及生命的疾病,通常是由常年吸烟造成的.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, as well as asthmatic bronchitis.

慢阻肺病包括肺气肿和慢性支气管炎, 以及哮喘性支气管炎.

Aim : To probe dignostic significance of AVI ( air velocity index ) in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

目的: 探讨气速指数 ( airvelocityindex,AVI ) 判定慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的价值.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) remains a major public health problem.

慢性阻塞性肺病仍然是目前公共卫生健康的重大难题.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ).

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ( COPD ) 的危险因素及患病率.

Methods A total of 52 patients with chronic subdural hematoma ( CSDH ) were reviewed.

方法回顾有随访资料的创伤性慢性硬膜下血肿 ( CSDH ) 52例.

To discuss a new effective method for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma.

探讨一种新的治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的有效方法.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosing and treating chronic subdural hematoma.

目的总结慢性硬膜下血肿的诊断和治疗经验.

A chronic subdural hematoma is often caused by a slight and seemingly insignificant head injury.

慢性硬膜下血肿通常是由轻微的或是看上去无关紧要的脑损伤造成的.

Conclusion Single-bore or double-bore drainage is effective in treating chronic subdural hematoma.

结论单孔或双孔钻颅血肿引流是治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的有效方法.

Asthma is chronical and very common.

哮喘是慢性病,而且非常常见.

Chronical prejudice will mislead you in making judgment on this event.

长期的成见会误导你对这件事情做判断.

This is largely due to chronically stimulated insulin levels.

主因是长期地刺激胰岛素的浓度.

If the intestinal walls are chronically inflamed, lipolysis is disturbed.

如果肠壁慢性炎症, 脂解作用被扰乱.

Research and technology are said to be chronically underfunded.

据说为研究和技术方面提供的经费严重不足。

Similarly, any pigment nevus that is chronically irritated should be excised.

同样, 凡是经常受慢性刺激的各种色素痣切勿予以切除.

Portugal a high budget deficit and is chronically uncompetitive.

葡萄牙预算赤字水平很高且长期缺乏竞争力.

Drugs were chronically administered to animals at AM 9:00～11:00 for 21 days.

每日上午9:00～11:00灌胃给药,持续21天.

Moreover chronically induced replication is a potential mechanism to promote cancer formation.

而且慢性诱导复制是促进癌发生的潜在机制.

Chronically over-reactive immune systems may not, though, be an entirely bad thing.

不过, 慢性的过敏反应可能并非完全对人体不利.